Page 10 - Lehrbuch Neigungsmessung deutsch 2018.indd

COMPENDIUM INCLINATION MEASUREMENT
WYLER AG, WINTERTHUR / SWITZERLAND

1.2 WHAT IS INCLINATION?

The expression “ANGLE“ is defined as the divergence
between two straight lines g and g in a flat plane. The g g 1 1
1
2
angle  is created at the cross section between the two
lines g and g .
1
2
INCLINATION is a specific, position-dependent angle 
whereas we distiguish between an absolute inclination
and a relative inclination. The absolute inclination (illustra-
tion 2) corresponds to the angle between the straight g g 2 2
line g and the horizontal straight line g , whereas the hori- Illustration 1
4
3
zontal line g lies in the intersection between a vertical
4
plane E and the horizontal (reference) plane E , which must be absolutely horizontal.
1 2
The relative inclination (illustration 3) corresponds to the angle  between the straight line g and the
5
straight line g , whereas both lines have to be in the vertical plane E .
6 1
The following illustrations 2 and 3 clarify the difference:
Illustration 2 Illustration 3
Plane E Plane E
1 1
g 3 g 5
Plane E Plane E
2 2
g
4
g
6

90° 90°

ABSOLUTE INCLINATION RELATIVE INCLINATION
An absolute inclination corresponds to the angle A relative inclination corresponds to the angle
between two straight lines, whereas one of these  between two straight lines, whereas both lines
lines lies in the intersection between a vertical and have to be in a vertical plane.
the horizontal (reference) plane that must be abso-
lutely horizontal.
ABSOLUTE INCLINATION  between the line g RELATIVE INCLINATION  between the line g and
3
5
and the horizontal zero baseline g . the line g .
4 6
• [Degrees / arcmin / arcsec] • [Degrees / arcmin / arcsec]
• [Rad], [mRad], [μRad], • [Rad], [mRad], [μRad],
• [mm/m], [μm/m] • [mm/m], [μm/m]
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